Description Silvery, ductile, fairly reactive metal. D Y is in the same period of the Periodic Table as X 28 Na,Which statements about a sodium atom, 23 11 are correct? B The nearest noble gas to yttrium is krypton, so yttrium is predicted to lose three electrons to form Y 3+, which has the same number of electrons as krypton. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. This week, the last of the elements discovered in the small town of Ytterby and its compounds appear to have a multitude of uses. ", "The role of yttrium and other minor elements in the garnet group", "Chemoembolization and Radioembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma", "Shenzhen Smart Lion Power Battery Limited", "CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Yttrium", "Strontium: Health Effects of Strontium-90", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yttrium&oldid=996405817, CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2020, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Carbonate and fluoride containing ores such as the LREE. High = substitution not possible or very difficult. Commercial use of the Images will be charged at a rate based on the particular use, prices on application. [28], In 1787, part-time chemist Carl Axel Arrhenius found a heavy black rock in an old quarry near the Swedish village of Ytterby (now part of the Stockholm Archipelago). We welcome your feedback. [29], Until the early 1920s, the chemical symbol Yt was used for the element, after which Y came into common use. [12] Yttrium nitride (YN) is formed when the metal is heated to 1000 °C in nitrogen. Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,9,2 Shell Model; Ionic Radius: 0.9Å; Filling Orbital: 4d 1; Number of Electrons (with no charge): 39; Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 50; Number of Protons: 39; Oxidation States: 3; Valence Electrons: 4d 1 5s 2 Electron Dot Model. Xenotime can contain up to 50% yttrium phosphate. [50][51], Rare-earth elements (REEs) come mainly from four sources:[52]. The ultimate objective, the Holy Grail, is to find a material that would superconduct at room temperature, but no one has got there yet. A measure of the propensity of a substance to evaporate. [27], Yttrium isotopes with mass numbers at or below 88 decay primarily by positron emission (proton → neutron) to form strontium (Z = 38) isotopes. [22]) Some trimerization reactions were generated with organoyttrium compounds as catalysts. [17], One of the few notable differences between the chemistry of yttrium and that of the lanthanides is that yttrium is almost exclusively trivalent, whereas about half the lanthanides can have valences other than three; nevertheless, only for four of the fifteen lanthanides are these other valences important in aqueous solution (CeIV, SmII, EuII, and YbII). Atomic mass: 88.906 4. Atomic number He called it a magnetic monopole substance - one that instead of having poles, plural, like an ordinary magnet, had a pole. C Y is in a different group of the Periodic Table from X. Yttrium has no known biological role. [7] The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) limits exposure to yttrium in the workplace to 1 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The images may not be posted on any website, shared in any disc library, image storage mechanism, network system or similar arrangement. LYP batteries do find use in stationary applications (off-grid solar systems), electric vehicles (some cars), as well other applications (submarines, ships), similar to LFP batteries, but often at improved safety and cycle life time. Block Elements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. And so the Oscar for best supporting role goes to, you guessed it, Yttrium. It is quite stable in air; rapid oxidation begins above approximately 450 °C (840 °F), resulting in Y2O3. A slight distinction is recognized between the light (LREE) and the heavy rare-earth elements (HREE), but the distinction is not perfect. State at room temperature: Solid [27] Apart from the isotopes 91Y, 87Y, and 90Y, with half-lives of 58.51 days, 79.8 hours, and 64 hours, respectively, all the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day and most of less than an hour. Each allotrope has different physical properties. [7], Water-soluble compounds of yttrium are considered mildly toxic, while its insoluble compounds are non-toxic. [48] It works by adhering to monoclonal antibodies, which in turn bind to cancer cells and kill them via intense β-radiation from the yttrium-90 (see monoclonal antibody therapy). It is minimally invasive and patients can usually be discharged after a few hours. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies. In rats, inhalation of yttrium citrate caused pulmonary edema and dyspnea, while inhalation of yttrium chloride caused liver edema, pleural effusions, and pulmonary hyperemia. In the context of nuclear waste management, the most important isotopes of yttrium are 91Y and 90Y, with half-lives of 58.51 days and 64 hours, respectively. [47] Normally, as little as 0.5 milligrams is found in the entire human body; human breast milk contains 4 ppm. [27] Yttrium isotopes with mass numbers at or above 90 decay primarily by electron emission (neutron → proton) to form zirconium (Z = 40) isotopes. Apart from this, there are lots of everyday applications for yttrium compounds In its compounds yttrium is always present as the yttrium three plus ion, which means that it is colourless and has no unpaired electrons; therefore it does not have any interesting magnetic or spectroscopic properties of its own. Also see radioembolization in the case of combined cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The actual superconducting material is often written as YBa2Cu3O7–d, where d must be less than 0.7 for superconductivity. Thus, to be neutral, it must have 39 protons and 39 electrons. Yttrium-89 is thought to be more abundant than it otherwise would be, due in part to the s-process, which allows enough time for isotopes created by other processes to decay by electron emission (neutron → proton). As such yttrium compounds such as yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) are useful for phosphors and are an important component of white LEDs. The radioactive isotope yttrium-90 has medical uses. [56], Yttrium is used in small quantities in cathodes of some Lithium iron phosphate battery (LFP), and then called commonly LiFeYPO4 chemistry, or LYP. Similarly, yttrium hosts are often used to accommodate terbium ions, which are green phosphors. [48] With as much as 700 ppm, the seeds of woody plants have the highest known concentrations. Melting point of Yttrium is 1523 °C and its the boiling point is 3337 °C. The exact amount is crucial, and tricky to achieve. © 2009-2018 | www.prvky.com | kontaktkontakt Atomic mass of Yttrium is 88.90585 u. Yttrium atoms have 39 electrons and the shell structure is 2.8.18.9.2. Yttrium (Y), chemical element, a rare-earth metal of Group 3 of the periodic table. A vertical column in the periodic table. Then in 1986 two scientists working at IBM in Zurich, Georg Bednorz and Karl Müller, found that lanthanum barium copper oxide became superconducting at what was then almost a record high temperature, 35 degrees above absolute zero. It had increased to 7,000 tons YAG: Ce ) crystals are used for drilling cutting.: 6,053 f ( 3,345 c ) 6 in air ; rapid oxidation begins above approximately 450 (... Announced that it contained a new 'earth ' which made up 38 per cent of ion... Given by the ratio of the same was isolated in 1828 by Friedrich Wöhler and made by the! 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